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Sains Malaysiana 52(9)(2023): 2613-2624
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5209-11
Impak Semburan Isi Padu Ultra-Rendah minyak pati Piper aduncum L. terhadap Populasi Vektor Denggi di Kawasan Wabak dan Bukan Wabak di Selangor, Malaysia
(The Impact of Ultra-Low Volume Spraying of Piper aduncum L. Essential Oil against Dengue Vector
Population in Outbreak and Non-outbreak Areas in
Selangor, Malaysia)
SYAMIMI
OMAR1, NORHAFIZAH KARIM1,2, NUR SHAFARAHZATIN RAMLI1 & HIDAYATULFATHI OTHMAN1,*
1Pusat Kajian Toksikologi dan Risiko Kesihatan, Fakulti Sains Kesihatan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2Jabatan Perubatan Kesihatan Awam, Fakulti Perubatan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 20 Jun 2023/Diterima:
28 Ogos 2023
Abstrak
Penyelidikan selama 16 minggu telah dijalankan untuk menilai impak semburan Isi Padu Ultra-Rendah (ULV) minyak pati Piper aduncum ke atas populasi vektor di lapangan dengan sipermetrin berfungsi sebagai kawalan positif. Kedua-duanya dinilai terhadap sentinel dewasa yang diberi gula dan larva instar ke-3 Aedes aegypti di kawasan perumahan yang mewakili kawasan wabak denggi manakala Ae. albopictus diuji di kawasan bukan wabak. Kesan minyak pati tumbuhan dan piretroid terhadap populasi lapangan larva Ae. aegypti dipantau setiap minggu menggunakan bekas botol. Setiap kawasan mempunyai kawasan kawalannya tersendiri yang disembur dengan aseton 0.1% (kawalan negatif). Kesan penggunaan semburan ULV diukur dengan indeks ovitrap (OI) dalam rumah dan luar rumah. Pengurangan OI yang ketara diperhatikan di dalam dan di luar,
di kawasan yang dirawat berbanding dengan kawasan kawalan (p <0.05). Pengurangan OI dicapai dari semasa ke semasa di kawasan yang dirawat terutama setiap kali selepas semburan dilakukan. Kedua-dua ekstrak P. aduncum dan cypermethrin menunjukkan potensi kesan membunuh terhadap nyamuk dewasa di lapangan. Menariknya minyak pati P. aduncum menunjukkan potensi sebagai larvisid apabila memberikan kematian 75.7% untuk luar rumah dan 48.5% untuk larva di dalam rumah selepas semburan yang signifikan pada p<0.05. Secara kesimpulannya, minyak pati P. aduncum yang disembur secara semburan ULV berkesan dalam memberikan impak terhadap populasi vektor denggi dan memberikan kesan ke atas larva yang secara tidak langsung telah menyebabkan penindasan populasi larva lapangan.
Kata kunci: Aedes aegypti; Aedes albopictus; kawalan vektor; Piper aduncum; semburan ULV; vektor denggi
Abstract
A
16 weeks study was conducted to evaluate the impact of
Ultra-Low Volume spray application of Piper aduncum essential oil (EO) on vector populations with cypermethrin serves as the positive control. Both were evaluated against the sentinel
sugar-fed adults and 3rd-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti at a dengue outbreak residential area and Ae. albopictus was used at a non-outbreak
area. The impact of both plant extract
and pyrethroid on field populations of Ae. aegypti larvae were monitored weekly using bottle
containers. Each site has its own control site which was sprayed with 0.1%
acetone (negative control). The impact of spray ULV application was measured
using indoor and outdoor ovitrap index (OI).
Significant reductions of OI were observed both indoors and outdoors, in
treated sites compared to control sites (p < 0.05). OI reduction was
achieved over time in the treated area especially soon after the sprayings.
Both P. aduncum essential oil and cypermethrin showed potential killing effects against adult
mosquitoes in the field. Interestingly, the essential oil of P. aduncum showed potential as a larvicide when it gave 75.7% mortality for outdoor and 48.5% for indoor larvae after
24-hour spraying which was significant at p<0.05. In conclusion, P. aduncum essential oil sprayed by ULV spraying is
effective in impacting the dengue vector population and influences the larvae
which has indirectly caused the suppression of the field larval population.
Keywords: Aedes aegypti; Aedes albopictus; dengue vector; Piper aduncum;Ultra-Low
Volume spraying; vector control
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: hida@ukm.edu.my
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